Incoterms define who arranges and pays for each stage of transport, and when risk passes from seller to buyer. Choosing the right term avoids unexpected costs at the destination.
EXW and FOB
Under EXW the buyer handles almost everything from the supplier’s premises. FOB moves export clearance and loading onto the seller, with risk passing once goods are on board.
CIF and DAP
CIF adds main carriage and minimum insurance to the seller’s scope. DAP extends delivery to a named destination, leaving import clearance and duties to the buyer.
What to compare
When evaluating offers on different Incoterms, convert them to a landed cost so the comparison is like for like.